IsiKhokelo esiGqibeleleyo kwiiWasher zaseNtwasahlobo: Ukusetyenziswa kunye neMiba eqhelekileyo
Iiwasha zasentwasahlobo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-lock washers okanye i-helical spring washers, zizibophelelo zoomatshini ezenzelwe ukuthintela amantongomane kunye neebholiti ukuba zikhululeke ngenxa yokungcangcazela okanye imithwalo eguqukayo. Zibonakaliswa ngobume bazo obukhethekileyo, obuvumela ukuba basebenzise amandla entwasahlobo phakathi kwe-fastener kunye nomgangatho owenziweyo.
Ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo kunye nobukhulu be-spring washer kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Qwalasela izinto ezifana neemfuno zomthwalo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto xa ukhetha ama-washers asentwasahlobo kwisicelo esithile. Okokuqala, khetha ubukhulu obufanelekileyo kunye namandla entwasahlobo ukulungiselela umthwalo kunye nokuthintela ukukhulula. Okwesibini, qiniseka ukuba i-diameter yangaphakathi (ID) ye-washer ihambelana nobukhulu be-bolt, kwaye ububanzi bangaphandle (OD) bufanelekile kwindawo ekhoyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka sikhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo ngokwendawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Iiwasha zasentwasahlobo zihlala zenziwe ngesinyithi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa: intsimbi, intsimbi, ubhedu, i-aluminium, njl. Iiwasha zensimbi ezingenasici zinokumelana ne-corrosion egqwesileyo kwaye zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima. Iiwasha zobhedu, ngenxa ye-conductivity entle kunye nokumelana ne-corrosion, zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zombane. Iiwasha ze-aluminiyam zikhaphukhaphu kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa, kodwa azinamandla njengentsimbi.
Ufakelo olululo kunye nokusetyenziswa
Ngaphambi kokufaka iiwasha yasentwasahlobo, qinisekisa ukuba umphezulu webholithi, i-nut, kunye neendawo ezibotshelelwayo zicocekile kwaye azinabumdaka, ioli kunye nomhlwa. Jonga imisonto kwibholiti nakwi nut ukuba akukho monakalo. Imisonto eyonakeleyo inokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwe-fastener. Xa ufaka i-spring washer, faka i-spring washer phakathi kwe-nut kunye ne-surface iqiniswe, kunye necala le-convex (icala elinomgangatho ophezulu) lijongene ne-nut. Oku kuvumela iwasha ukuba ibe mcaba njengoko iqinisiwe, ibeka uxinzelelo kwi-nut. Njengoko iqinisiwe, i-spring washer ixinzelela, idala amandla e-axial anceda ukukhusela i-nut kunye nokukhusela ekujikeni ngenxa yokunyakaza. Landela inkcazo yetorque enikezwe ngumvelisi. Ukuqinisa ngokugqithisileyo kunokuphazamisa iwasha kwaye kunciphise ukusebenza kwayo, ngelixa ukuqina kwangaphantsi kusenokunganikeli amandla aneleyo okubamba. Kwezinye iimeko, i-washer flat ingasetyenziselwa kunye ne-spring washer ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kunye nezisombululo
Kwizicelo ezibonakalayo,iiwasha zasentwasahlobo, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwabo ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezininzi, banokuhlangabezana nemiba eyahlukeneyo enokuthi ibeke esichengeni ukusebenza kwabo. Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo kukunyanzeliswa ngokugqithisileyo, okwenzekayo xa i-washer iqiniswe ngaphaya komda wayo we-elastic, ekhokelela kwi-deformation engapheliyo. Kule meko, iwasha ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okubonelela ngamandla entwasahlobo efunekayo, ngaloo ndlela isilela ukugcina umthwalo ofunekayo wokugoba kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokukhulula i-fastener. Ngokuchaseneyo, ucinezelo oluphantsi, apho iwasha ingaqiniswanga ngokwaneleyo, inokuba yingxaki, njengoko iyasilela ukuvelisa uxinzelelo olufunekayo ukukhusela isibophelelo ngokuchasene namandla okungcangcazela. Ukungaphumeleli kokudinwa yenye inkxalabo ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinomthwalo ophezulu webhayisekile, njengoomatshini abaphantsi kwemijikelo yokuyeka yokuyeka rhoqo okanye ukungcangcazela okuqhubekayo. Uxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo lunokubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-microscopic kwi-washer, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni.
Umhlwa ngumba oxhaphakileyo, ngakumbi kwiiwasha ezenziwe ngentsimbi engeyiyo intsimbi, kwindawo enomhlwa efana nezo zinomswakama ophezulu, ityuwa, okanye ukuchanabeka kwimichiza. Oku konakala akugcini nje ukwenza buthathaka i-washer kodwa kunokukhokelela kwi-galvanic corrosion ukuba i-washer yenziwe ngempahla eyahlukileyo kune-fastener, iphinde ibeke esichengeni ingqibelelo yokudibanisa. Ukulinganisa okungafanelekanga, nokuba iwasha inkulu kakhulu okanye incinci kakhulu, inokubangela ukungonelanga kwezihlalo, kubangele ukuhanjiswa komthwalo ongalinganiyo kunye nokunciphisa amandla okubamba.
Ukongezelela, uvakalelo lweqondo lokushisa lunokuba ngumcimbi, njengoko ezinye izinto zisenokulahlekelwa yimpahla yazo yomatshini kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ezichaphazela ukomelela kwewasha kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi. Ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nemeko yeendawo zokukhwelana nazo zibalulekile; iindawo ezirhabaxa okanye ezingalinganiyo zinokuthintela ukuhlala ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa iindawo ezigudileyo, eziqinileyo zinokuthi zingavumeli ii-serration kwiintlobo ezithile ze-spring washers ukuba zilume, zinciphisa umphumo wazo wokuvala. Ukugqoka kunye nokukrazula, ngokukodwa kwizicelo eziguquguqukayo, kunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwemiphetho ye-washer, ukunciphisa amandla ayo okugcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo.
Ekugqibeleni, iimpazamo zokufakela, ezifana nokuqhelaniswa okungalunganga kwe-washer okanye ukusetyenziswa kwee-washers ezininzi, kunokugatya umsebenzi ojoliswe kuyo, okukhokelela ekuhlaleni okungafanelekanga kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ukunciphisa le miba enokubakho, kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu be-spring washer, ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uhlolisise rhoqo kwaye ulondoloze i-fasteners, ukutshintshwa kwabo njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwendibano.
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