Ukunyuka kweeBolt zeFlange: Kutheni iiWasher Designs ziphela?
Iiwasha kudala zisisixhobo sokuncedisa iinjineli ekuqiniseni imisebenzi. Uxanduva lwabo oluphambili kukukhusela indawo edibeneyo ngexesha lokuqinisa, ukuthintela ukutyumza kunye nomonakalo obangelwa ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo, kunye nokusabalalisa ngokufanelekileyo umthwalo phantsi kwentloko ye-bolt kunye ne-nut ukuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nokuzinza kokuqina. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lweendlela zobunjineli, iiwasha ziye zatshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembeiibholiti zeflangekwezinye izicelo. Namhlanje, makhe siqwalasele nzulu izizathu ezibangela olu tshintsho.
Okokuqala, kufuneka sicacise ukuba ukusebenzisa i-torque ukulawula ngokungathanga ngqo i-clamping force ye-bolt yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubunjineli bobunjineli. Le ndlela ilula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye iyaziwa kwiinjineli. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni okwenyani, akukho nzima ukufumanisa ukuba ukukhuhlana okusebenzayo kwintambo yebholiti kunye nentloko yebholithi iya kudla uninzi lwetorque eqinisayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona sisebenzisa itorque eninzi, indawo eguqulwayo ibe ngamandla obambelo olusebenzayo eneneni inomda.
Kulo mongo, iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-washers zivelele ngokukodwa. Ekubeni ubunzima beewasha eziqhelekileyo buhlala buphantsi kunebolts kunye namantongomane, baxhomekeke kwi-deformation yeplastiki phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Olu tshintsho alubangeli nje ukuba iwasha ngokwayo iwe, kodwa inokuchaphazela amandla okubamba ibholithi, okukhokelela ekuphulukaneni namandla okubamba. Okuchasene,iibholiti zeflangeandinayo le ngxaki. Inkxaso yabo yenkxaso igcina ubunzima obufanayo njenge-fastener, kwaye inokugcina imilo ezinzileyo kunye nokusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Ukongeza, umngxuma wokucoca kuyilo lwewasha nawo unokubangela uthotho lweengxaki. Ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka kwi-arc yenguqu phantsi kwentloko ye-bolt, i-washer kufuneka ibe nomngxuma omkhulu wokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, lo mngxuma wokucoca unokubangela ukuba umbindi wewasha uphambuke kwi-axis ye-bolt ngexesha lokuqina, okukhokelela ekulayisheni kwe-eccentric kunye noxinzelelo lwendawo. Oku akugcini nje ukwandisa umngcipheko wokungeniswa kunye nomonakalo odibeneyo, kodwa kunokuchaphazela uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yonke yokuqinisa.
Omnye umba omele uqwalaselwe yinto yokujikeleza kwewasha. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuqinisa, i-washer ngamanye amaxesha ijikeleza kwindawo edibeneyo kunye ne-nut. Olu jikelezo lutshintsha ubudlelwane phakathi kwetorque esetyenzisiweyo kunye ne-bolt clamping force, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni okukhulu kwamandla okubamba. Ngaphandle kokuba uqwalaselo olucokisekileyo kunye nokubeka iliso kuqhutywe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, kunzima ukufumanisa nokulungisa le ngxaki ngexesha.
Ekugqibeleni, ukusetyenziswa kwee-washers kwandisa inani leendawo zokudibanisa kwi-joint. Kwinqanaba le-microscopic, ukufakela phakathi kwezi ndawo zoqhagamshelwano kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okubamba. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa amalungu akwilungu eqala ukucinezelwa ukuba adibane. Kwimigangatho yentsimbi ukuya kwintsimbi, le lahleko idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0.002 kunye ne-0.006 mm. Kwimigangatho epeyintiweyo, umphumo wokufakela ubonakala ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwee-washers kwandisa le mpembelelo kwaye kunciphisa ngakumbi amandla okubamba iibholithi.
Isishwankathelo, sinokubona ukuba nangona i-washers idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yendabuko yokuzila, iingxaki zabo azikwazi ukuhoywa. Okuchasene,iibholiti zeflangeube nokuzinza okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okungcono kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa. Ke ngoko, ngakumbi nangakumbi iinjineli ziqala ukukhetha iibholiti zeflange ukuze zitshintshe iziqhoboshi zemveli ngeewasha. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintshwa, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekulungiseni i-torque yokuqala yokufakela ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwempembelelo yokuqinisa.
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