Ukuphonononga izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zeeFasteners
Uninzi lwezixhobo zokuqinisa ziyintsimbi. Njengomntu osebenza kwishishini elikhawulezayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda utshintsho, ulwahlulo kunye nezicelo. Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa izibophelelo kubalulekile ekukhetheni eyona ilungileyo kwisicelo esithile. Nantsi isishwankathelo semathiriyeli ye-fastener eqhelekileyo, ukwakheka kwazo, kunye neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo:
Ⅰ. Intsimbi yeCarbon
Ukuqamba: Intsimbi yeCarbon iqulethe ngokuyinhloko isinyithi kunye nekhabhoni encinci (ngokuqhelekileyo ingaphantsi kwe-1.7%) kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinye izinto ezifana ne-manganese, i-silicon, okanye isulfure.
Amabanga: Intsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni (ethambileyo), intsimbi ephakathi kwekhabhoni, intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu.
♦Insimbi ye-carbon ephantsi, eyaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi epholileyo, inomxholo wekhabhoni ukusuka kwi-0.10% ukuya kwi-0.30%. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi kulula ukwamkela ukusetyenzwa okuhlukahlukeneyo okufana nokubumba, ukuwelda kunye nokusika, kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza amatyathanga, iirivethi, iibholithi, iishafti, njl.njl. Ibandakanya uninzi lweentsimbi eziqhelekileyo zekhabhoni zesakhiwo kunye nezinye iintsimbi zekhabhoni ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Uninzi lwazo lusetyenziselwa iinxalenye zobunjineli bobunjineli ngaphandle konyango lobushushu, kwaye ezinye zisetyenziselwa iindawo zoomatshini ezifuna ukumelana nokunxiba emva kwekhabhoni kunye nolunye unyango lobushushu.
♦Insimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi yintsimbi yekhabhoni enomxholo wekhabhoni we-0.25% ukuya kwi-0.60%. Ukongeza kwikhabhoni, inokuthi iqulethe ixabiso elincinci le-manganese (0.70% ukuya kwi-1.20%). Ngokomgangatho wemveliso, yahlulwe ibe yintsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-carbon structural kunye ne-high-quality carbon structural steel. Inokusebenza kakuhle okushushu kunye nokusika, kodwa ukusebenza kakubi kwe-welding. Amandla kunye nobunzima buphezulu kunezo zentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni, ngelixa iplastiki kunye nokuqina kuphantsi kunezo zentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi ineempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini emva kokucima kunye nokuvutha. Ke ngoko, kusetyenziso olwahlukeneyo olunamanqanaba aphakathi amandla, intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukongeza kokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokwakha, ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni iindawo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini.
♦Insimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yinsimbi yensimbi, inomxholo wekhabhoni ukusuka kwi-0.60% ukuya kwi-1.70% kwaye inokuqina kwaye inomsindo.
Usetyenziso oluphambili kunye nezicelo: Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa izibophelelo zenjongo jikelele ezifanaiibholiti, amandongomane,izikrufu, kunye nezikhonkwane. Banika amandla amahle kwaye baneendleko ezifanelekileyo. Unyango olungaphezulu olufana ne-zinc plating lunokusetyenziswa ukuphucula ukunganyangeki komhlwa.
Ⅱ. Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Ukuqamba: Ingxubevange yentsimbi, ichromium (umxholo weChromium 12% ukuya kwi-30%), kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nenickel, molybdenum, kunye nenitrogen. Umxholo wechromium ubonelela ngokugqwesileyo kokuxhathisa umhlwa.
I-Chromium yinto esisiseko eyenza intsimbi engatyiwayo ingaginyeki. Xa umxholo we-chromium kwintsimbi ufikelela malunga ne-1.2%, i-chromium ithatha i-oksijini kwindawo ephazamisayo ukuze yenze ifilimu ye-oxide ebhityileyo (ifilimu ye-self-passivation) kwindawo yentsimbi, enokuthi ithintele ukubola okuqhubekayo kwe-matrix yensimbi. Ukongeza kwi-chromium, izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-niobium, ithusi, i-nitrogen, njl.
Iintlobo: I-Austenitic (umz., i-201, i-304, i-316), i-Martensitic (umzekelo, i-410, i-420), i-Ferritic (umz., i-430,446).
Usetyenziso oluphambili kunye nezicelo: Isetyenziswa kwindawo apho ukuxhathisa umhlwa kubaluleke kakhulu, njengaselwandle, kwimichiza, kunye namashishini okulungisa ukutya. Kwakhona kufanelekile kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo ayisayi kubangela umhlwa, imingxuma, irusi okanye iguge. Insimbi engenasici nayo enye yezona zinto zinamandla phakathi kwezinto zetsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha. Ngenxa yokuba insimbi engenasici inokumelana ne-corrosion, inokugcina ingqibelelo yoyilo lobunjineli bamacandelo olwakhiwo ngokusisigxina. I-Chromium equlathe intsimbi engatyiwayo ikwadibanisa amandla oomatshini kunye nobude obuphezulu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukusetyenzwa kunye nokwenza izinto.
Ⅲ. Intsimbi yentsimbi
Ukuqamba: Iqulethe ipesenti ephezulu yezinto ezixubekileyo (umzekelo, ichromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-vanadium) xa ithelekiswa nentsimbi ye-carbon, ephucula iimpawu ezifana namandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuqina.
Ukuba umxholo we-chromium kwintsimbi ye-alloy ufikelela malunga ne-12%, i-chromium oxide exineneyo iya kubumba phezu kwentsimbi, ibangele utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwi-corrosion resistance yensimbi kwi-oxidizing media kunye nokuphucula kakhulu. Izinto ezinje ngechromium, i-aluminiyam, kunye nesilicon inokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi ukuya kwiigesi ezinobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa i-aluminiyam egqithisileyo kunye nesilicon iya kuwonakalisa i-thermoplasticity yentsimbi. I-nickel isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza kunye nokuzinzisa isakhiwo se-austenite, ukwenzela ukuba insimbi ikwazi ukufumana iimpawu ezintle zomatshini, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo. I-Molybdenum inokukhawuleza igqithise intsimbi enganyangekiyo ye-asidi kwaye iphucule ukuxhathisa kwayo kwizisombululo eziqulethe i-ion ze-chloride kunye nezinye i-media ezingenayo i-oxidizing.
Amabanga: Ngokomxholo wezinto ezixutywayo, zihlulwe zibe yintsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy (umxholo 10%).
Usetyenziso oluphambili kunye nezicelo: Isetyenziswa kwizibophelelo eziphezulu zombane, i-aerospace, kunye noomatshini abanzima, apho kufuneka amandla amakhulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Ⅳ. Ubhedu
Ukuqamba: Ubhedu olusulungekileyo okanye iialloys ezinezixa ezincinci zezinye iintsimbi ezifana ne-tin (ibronze) okanye i-zinc (ubhedu).
I-Copper, intsimbi ene-purple-red luster, inobuninzi be-8.92 g/cm3. Indawo yokunyibilika 1083.4±0.2℃, indawo yokubilisa 2567℃. Ubhedu sesinye sezona ntsimbi zokuqala ezafunyanwa ngabantu kwaye yenye yezona ntsimbi zisulungekileyo. Iqinile kancinane, yomelele kakhulu kwaye ayigugi. Kananjalo ine-ductility elungileyo. Ine-conductivity entle ye-thermal kunye nombane. I-Copper kunye nezinye i-alloys zayo ziyakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwaye zizinzile kakhulu emoyeni owomileyo. Kodwa kumoya omanzi, umaleko we-carbonate ye-copper esisiseko eluhlaza unokuveliswa phezu kwawo, obizwa ngokuba yi-verdigris. Iyanyibilika kwi-asidi ye-nitric kunye ne-asidi yesulfuric egxininisiweyo eshushu, kwaye inyibilika kancinane kwi-hydrochloric acid. Irhangqwa ngokulula yialkali.
Usetyenziso oluphambili kunye nezicelo: Iyaziwa ngokuba yi-conductivity yombane egqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokubola. Iifasteners zethusi kunye nobhedu zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa umbane kunye nezicelo zaselwandle.
Ⅴ. Aluminiyam
Ukuqamba: I-aluminiyam ecocekileyo okanye i-alloys ye-aluminium, enokubandakanya izinto ezifana nobhedu, i-magnesium, i-silicon, okanye i-zinc.
Ialuminiyam yintsimbi esiliva emhlophe emenyezelayo enobunzima obuyi 2.702 g/cm3, indawo yokunyibilika eyi 660.37℃, kunye nendawo yokubila eyi 2467℃. Inokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal, ukuhanjiswa kombane kunye ne-ductility. I-Aluminiyam ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi esebenzayo, kodwa ifilimu eshinyeneyo ye-oxide iya kubumba kumphezulu wayo emoyeni, ithintele ukuba ingaqhubeki nokusabela nge-oxygen kunye namanzi. Inokusabela ngeoksijini kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukukhulula ubushushu obukhulu. Umgaqo wokusabela kwe-thermite ungasetyenziswa kwimveliso, njengeentsimbi zokuwelda, ukunyibilikisa isinyithi esinyibilikayo, kunye nokwenza i-pyrotechnics yendabuko.
Usetyenziso oluphambili kunye nezicelo: Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye iyamelana nomhlwa, ibenza ukuba bafaneleke kwi-aerospace, iimoto, kunye nezicelo zaselwandle. Izibophelelo zeAluminiyam zikwasetyenziswa ekwakhiweni nakwizinto zombane ngenxa yobunzima bazo obuphantsi kunye neempawu ezingezizo ezemagnethi.
Imigangatho
• ISO(I-International Organisation for Standardization): Ibonelela ngemigangatho yehlabathi esebenza kwihlabathi jikelele.
• GB(Guobiao, i-China National Standard): imigangatho yelizwe laseTshayina.
• UKUSUKA(Deutsches Institut für Normung, German Institute for Standardization): Imigangatho yaseJamani, yamkelwa ngokubanzi kumazwe ngamazwe.
• I-AISI/SAE(I-American Iron and Steel Institute / Society of Automotive Engineers): Imigangatho yaseMelika, ngokukodwa kwiintsimbi.
• HE(iMigangatho yoShishino lwaseJapan): Imigangatho yaseJapan, isetyenziswa rhoqo kumazwe aseAsia.
Isixhobo ngasinye sineseti yaso yeenzuzo kwaye sikhethwa ngokusekwe kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo, njengamandla, ukumelana nokubola, ubushushu kunye neendleko. Kubalulekile ukukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyo kunye nebakala ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiqhoboshi sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.
Iwebhusayithi yethu:https://www.fastoscrews.com/
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